Kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kapena kuwonongeka kwa zinthu kapena katundu wawo chifukwa cha zochita za chilengedwe.Zimbiri zambiri zimachitika mumlengalenga, zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zowonongeka komanso zowonongeka monga mpweya, chinyezi, kusintha kwa kutentha ndi zowonongeka.
Zimbiri zopopera mchere ndizofala komanso zowononga kwambiri zakumlengalenga.Mchere kutsitsi dzimbiri padziko zitsulo zipangizo amayamba ndi ayoni kloride zili pamwamba zitsulo olowerera kudzera makutidwe ndi okosijeni wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza zoteteza ndi mkati zitsulo electrochemical anachita.Pa nthawi yomweyo, ayoni kolorayidi lili ndi kuchuluka kwa hydration mphamvu, amene n'zosavuta adsorbed mu zitsulo pamwamba pores ndi ming'alu ndi m'malo mpweya wosanjikiza okusayidi, motero kusandutsa insoluble okusayidi mu sungunuka kolorayidi ndi passivated. dziko pamwamba kukhala pamwamba yogwira.
Mchereutsi woteteza dzimbirikuyesa ndi kuyesa kwachilengedwe komwe makamaka kumagwiritsa ntchito mikhalidwe yachilengedwe yoyeserera yamchere yopangidwa ndi zida zoyezera kutsitsi kuti ziwone kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa zinthu kapena zitsulo.Iwo agawidwa mu mitundu iwiri ya mayesero: chilengedwe kukhudzana mayeso, ndi yokumba inapita patsogolo kayeseleledwe mchere kutsitsi chilengedwe mayeso.
Mu kuyesa kwachilengedwe koyerekeza kutsitsi kwa mchere, chipinda choyesera mchere chokhala ndi malo enaake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo malo opopera mchere amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira danga, kuti awone momwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri. kukana kwa mankhwala.
Kuchuluka kwa mchere wa chloride m'malo opopera mchere kumatha kukhala kangapo kapena kangapo kuchuluka kwa kupopera mchere m'malo achilengedwe wamba, motero kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri ndikuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yopeza zotsatira.Mwachitsanzo, zingatenge chaka chimodzi kuti ziwonongeke poyesa chitsanzo cha zinthu zachilengedwe, pomwe mutha kupeza zotsatira zofananira patangotha maola 24 pamalo opopera mchere.
Laboratory kayeseleledwe mchere kutsitsi akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi.
(1) Mayeso osalowerera ndale (mayeso a NSS) ndiye njira yoyamba komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa dzimbiri.Amagwiritsa ntchito madzi amchere a 5% sodium chloride, ndi pH mtengo wosinthidwa kukhala wosalowerera ndale (6.5 ~ 7.2) ngati yankho la kupopera.Kutentha kwa mayeso ndi 35 ℃, ndipo mlingo wofunikira wa sedimentation wa mchere ndi 1 ~ 2ml/80cm/h.
(2) Acetic acid salt spray test (mayeso a ASS) amapangidwa pamaziko a mayeso osalowerera amchere.Ili mu 5% sodium chloride solution yokhala ndi glacial acetic acid, kotero kuti yankho la PH litsike mpaka pafupifupi 3, yankho limakhala acidic, ndipo utsi wothira mchere womwe umapangidwa pamapeto pake umakhala acidic kuchokera ku utsi wosalowerera wamchere.Mlingo wake wa dzimbiri ndi pafupifupi 3 nthawi mwachangu kuposa mayeso a NSS.
(3) Kuyesa kwa mchere wamkuwa wothamanga wa acetate spray (mayeso aCASS) ndi mayeso omwe angopangidwa kumene akunja opopera mchere.Kutentha kwa mayeso ndi 50 ℃.Kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka mchere wamkuwa-copper chloride amawonjezeredwa ku njira ya mchere kuti apangitse dzimbiri mwamphamvu.Mlingo wake wa dzimbiri ndi pafupifupi nthawi 8 kuposa mayeso a NSS.
(4) Kuyesa kosinthana kopopera mchere ndi kuyesa kwanthawi zonse kopopera mchere, komwe kwenikweni ndi kuyesa kopopera mchere kosalowerera ndale kuphatikiza chinyezi ndi kutentha kosalekeza.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mankhwala amtundu wa patsekeke.Kudzera malowedwe a mafunde chilengedwe, mchere kutsitsi dzimbiri amapangidwa osati pamwamba komanso mkati mankhwala.Mankhwalawa amasinthidwa mosinthana pakati pa kutsitsi mchere ndi chinyezi ndi kutentha chilengedwe, ndiyeno magetsi ndi makina katundu wa mankhwala ayenera kuwunika kusintha kulikonse.
Kutsimikiza kwa zotsatira
Zotsatira za mayeso opopera mchere nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa mumkhalidwe wabwino m'malo mwa kuchuluka kwake.Pali njira zinayi zodziwira.
(1) Njira yotsimikizira mavoti.
Mwa njira iyi, gawani chiŵerengero cha dera la dzimbiri ndi dera lonselo m'magulu angapo, ndipo fufuzani mlingo wina monga maziko oyenerera otsimikizira.Njira imeneyi ndi yoyenera kuwunika zitsanzo za lathyathyathya.
(2) Njira yodziwira miyeso.
Kupyolera mu kuyeza kulemera kwa chitsanzo chisanayambe kapena chitatha kuyezetsa dzimbiri, werengera kulemera komwe kunatayika chifukwa cha dzimbiri, ndikuweruzaspray chitetezo dzimbirikhalidwe la chitsanzo.Njirayi ndiyoyenera makamaka kuwunika zamtundu wina wachitsulo wotsutsa dzimbiri.
(3) Njira yowunikira zowerengera za Corrosion.
Njirayi imapereka chidaliro chopanga mayeso a dzimbiri, kusanthula deta ya dzimbiri, ndikuzindikira deta ya dzimbiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuwunika ndi ziwerengero za dzimbiri, m'malo motsimikiza zamtundu wazinthu.
Mayeso opopera amchere achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Chiyambireni kuyambika kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, kuyesa kwa kupopera kwa mchere kumakondedwa kwambiri ndi ogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosagwira dzimbiri chifukwa cha ubwino wake kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa nthawi ndi mtengo, wokhoza kuyesa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, ndikupereka zotsatira zosavuta komanso zomveka bwino.
M'zochita, kuyezetsa mchere wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndizomwe zimadziwika kwambiri, ndipo akatswiri ayenera kudziwa kuti ndi maola angati omwe kuyezetsa kutsitsi kwa mchere kungathe kutha pa nkhaniyi.
Ogulitsa zinthu zakuthupi nthawi zambiri amakulitsa nthawi yoyezetsa mchere yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga passivation kapena kukulitsa kalasi yopukutira pamwamba.Komabe, chinthu chovuta kwambiri chodziwikiratu ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zili mu chromium, molybdenum ndi faifi tambala.
Zomwe zili mu chromium ndi molybdenum zimakwera, m'pamenenso zimafunika kuti dzimbiri ziyambe kuonekera.Kukana kwa dzimbiri kumeneku kumawonetsedwa ndi zomwe zimatchedwa kuti pitting resistance equivalent (PRE) mtengo: PRE = %Cr + 3.3 x % Mo.
Ngakhale faifi tambala simawonjezera kukana kwa chitsulo pobowola ndi kugwa kwa dzimbiri, itha kukhala yothandiza kuchepetsa dzimbiri pamene dzimbiri layamba.Chifukwa chake, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic zomwe zimakhala ndi faifi tambala zimakonda kuchita bwino pakuyesa kupopera mchere komanso dzimbiri zocheperako kuposa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za nickel ferritic zokhala ndi zofananira zolimbana ndi pitting.
Tisaiwale kuti mchereutsi woteteza dzimbirimayeso ali ndi zovuta zazikulu poyesa magwiridwe antchito achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Mlingo wa kloridi wopopera wamchere mu mayeso opopera mchere ndiwokwera kwambiri ndipo umaposa malo enieni, kotero kuti zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimatha kukana dzimbiri m'malo enieni okhala ndi chloride yotsika kwambiri zimachitanso dzimbiri pakuyesa kutsitsi.
Mayeso opopera mchere amasintha machitidwe owononga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe sizingaganizidwe ngati kuyesa kofulumira kapena kuyesa koyerekeza.Zotsatira zake zimakhala za mbali imodzi ndipo zilibe chiyanjano chofanana ndi ntchito yeniyeni ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe pamapeto pake zimayikidwa.
Chifukwa chake mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso opopera mchere kuti mufananize kukana kwa dzimbiri kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, koma mayesowa amatha kungoyesa zinthuzo.Posankha chinthu china chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kuyezetsa kopopera mchere kokha nthawi zambiri sikumapereka chidziwitso chokwanira chifukwa kugwirizana pakati pa mayesero ndi malo enieni ogwiritsira ntchito sikudziwika kawirikawiri.
Kuonjezera apo, magulu osiyanasiyana azitsulo sangathe kufananizidwa ndi wina ndi mzake, chifukwa zipangizo ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zimakhala ndi njira zosiyana zowonongeka, choncho zotsatira za mayesero ndi kufunikira kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni kwa chilengedwe sikufanana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-08-2022