1. Kuchepetsa mafuta
The degreasing ndi kuchotsa mafuta pa workpiece pamwamba ndi kusamutsa mafuta mu sungunuka zinthu kapena emulsify ndi kumwaza mafuta kuti wogawana ndi stably mu kusamba madzimadzi zochokera saponification, solubilization, kunyowetsa, kubalalitsidwa ndi emulsification zotsatira pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta kuchokera degreasing. othandizira.The kuunikira mfundo degreasing khalidwe ndi: pamwamba pa workpiece sayenera kuona mafuta, emulsion kapena dothi lina pambuyo degreasing, ndi pamwamba ayenera kuthiridwa kwathunthu madzi pambuyo kutsuka.The degreasing khalidwe makamaka zimadalira zinthu zisanu, kuphatikizapo free alkalinity, kutentha kwa degreasing solution, processing nthawi, mechanical kanthu, ndi mafuta zili degreasing solution.
1.1 Alkalinity Yaulere (FAL)
Ndikokwanira koyenera kwa degreasing wothandizira kungakwaniritse bwino kwambiri.Ufulu wa alkalinity (FAL) wa njira yochotsera mafuta uyenera kuzindikirika.Kutsika kwa FAL kudzachepetsa mphamvu yochotsa mafuta, ndipo FAL yokwera idzawonjezera ndalama zakuthupi, kuonjezera kulemedwa pakutsuka pambuyo pa mankhwala, komanso kuipitsa malo otsegula ndi phosphating.
1.2 Kutentha kwa degreasing solution
Njira iliyonse yochotsera mafuta iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha koyenera kwambiri.Ngati kutentha ndi otsika kuposa ndondomeko zofunika, degreasing njira sangapereke kusewera zonse degreasing;ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu idzawonjezeka, ndipo zotsatira zoipa zidzawoneka, kotero kuti degreasing agent imasanduka nthunzi mofulumira komanso mofulumira pamwamba pa kuyanika mofulumira, zomwe zingayambitse dzimbiri, mawanga a alkali ndi okosijeni, zimakhudza khalidwe la phosphating la ndondomeko yotsatira. .Kuwongolera kutentha kumafunikanso kusinthidwa pafupipafupi.
1.3 Nthawi yokonza
The degreasing njira ayenera kukhudzana kwathunthu ndi mafuta pa workpiece zokwanira kukhudzana ndi anachita nthawi, kukwaniritsa bwino degreasing kwenikweni.Komabe, ngati degreasing nthawi yaitali kwambiri, kuzimiririka kwa workpiece pamwamba adzawonjezeka.
1.4 Zochita zamakina
Pampu kufalitsidwa kapena workpiece kayendedwe mu ndondomeko degreasing, kuwonjezeredwa ndi zochita makina, angalimbikitse kuchotsa mafuta Mwachangu ndi kufupikitsa nthawi yoviika ndi kuyeretsa;liwiro la kutsitsi degreasing ndi kuposa nthawi 10 kuposa kuviika degreasing.
1.5 Mafuta omwe ali ndi yankho la degreasing
The zobwezerezedwanso ntchito madzimadzi osamba adzapitiriza kuonjezera mafuta okhutira mu kusamba madzimadzi, ndipo pamene okhutira mafuta kufika chiŵerengero, zotsatira degreasing ndi kuyeretsa dzuwa la degreasing wothandizira adzagwa kwambiri.Ukhondo wa malo opangira mankhwalawo sudzasinthidwa ngakhale kuchuluka kwa yankho la tanki kumasungidwa powonjezera mankhwala.Madzi ochotsera mafuta omwe akalamba ndi kuwonongeka ayenera kusinthidwa mu thanki yonse.
2. Kutola asidi
Dzimbiri limapezeka pamwamba pa chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zikakulungidwa kapena kusungidwa ndikunyamulidwa.Dzimbiri wosanjikiza ndi dongosolo lotayirira ndipo sangathe mwamphamvu Ufumuyo m'munsi zakuthupi.The okusayidi ndi zitsulo chitsulo akhoza kupanga selo yoyamba, amene amalimbikitsa zitsulo dzimbiri ndi kuchititsa kuti zokutira kuwonongedwa mofulumira.Choncho dzimbiri liyenera kutsukidwa musanapente.Dzimbiri nthawi zambiri imachotsedwa ndi pickling ya asidi.Ndi liwiro lachangu la kuchotsa dzimbiri ndi mtengo wotsika, pickling asidi sikudzasokoneza zitsulo zogwirira ntchito ndipo zimatha kuchotsa dzimbiri pakona iliyonse.Kutolera kuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira kuti pasakhale oxide yowoneka bwino, dzimbiri komanso zowotcha pachocholora.Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza zotsatira za kuchotsa dzimbiri makamaka motere.
2.1 Kukhala ndi acidity yaulere (FA)
Kuyeza acidity yaulere (FA) ya tanki yotolera ndiyo njira yachindunji komanso yothandiza kwambiri yotsimikizira kuchotsera dzimbiri mu thanki yakutola.Ngati acidity yaulere ndiyotsika, zochotsa dzimbiri sizikhala bwino.Pamene acidity yaulere imakhala yochulukirapo, chifunga cha asidi pamalo ogwirira ntchito chimakhala chachikulu, chomwe sichingateteze chitetezo cha ntchito;pamwamba zitsulo sachedwa "mopitirira-etching";ndipo kumakhala kovuta kuyeretsa asidi wotsalira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thanki iwonongeke.
2.2 Kutentha ndi nthawi
Nthawi zambiri pickling imachitika kutentha, ndipo pickling yotentha iyenera kuchitidwa kuyambira 40 ℃ mpaka 70 ℃.Ngakhale kutentha kumakhudza kwambiri kusintha kwa pickling, kutentha kwambiri kumawonjezera dzimbiri za chogwirira ntchito ndi zida komanso kuwononga malo ogwirira ntchito.Nthawi ya pickling iyenera kukhala yayifupi ngati dzimbiri lachotsedwa.
2.3 Kuipitsa ndi kukalamba
Pochotsa dzimbiri, njira ya asidi idzapitiriza kubweretsa mafuta kapena zonyansa zina, ndipo zonyansa zomwe zaimitsidwa zimatha kuchotsedwa ndi kukanda.Pamene ayoni sungunuka chitsulo kuposa zili zina, dzimbiri kuchotsa zotsatira za thanki yankho adzakhala kwambiri yafupika, ndi owonjezera chitsulo ayoni adzasakanizidwa phosphate thanki ndi workpiece pamwamba zotsalira, kufulumizitsa kuipitsa ndi kukalamba phosphate thanki yankho, ndi zimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la phosphating la workpiece.
3. Kutsegula pamwamba
Pamwamba activating wothandizira angathe kuthetsa mkangano wa workpiece pamwamba chifukwa kuchotsa mafuta ndi alkali kapena dzimbiri kuchotsa pickling, kotero kuti ambiri abwino kwambiri crystalline malo aumbike pamwamba zitsulo, motero imathandizira liwiro la phosphate anachita ndi kulimbikitsa mapangidwe. za zokutira za phosphate.
3.1 Ubwino wa madzi
Kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri lamadzi kapena kuchuluka kwa calcium ndi magnesium ion mu tanki yankho kumakhudza kukhazikika kwa njira yoyatsira pamwamba.Zofewa zamadzi zitha kuwonjezeredwa pokonzekera yankho la thanki kuti muchepetse kukhudzika kwamadzi pamadzi oyambitsa njira.
3.2 Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi
Choyambitsa chapamwamba chimakhala chopangidwa ndi mchere wa colloidal titaniyamu womwe umakhala ndi colloidal.Ntchito ya colloidal idzatayika pambuyo poti wothandizira atagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kapena ma ion onyansa akuwonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope ndi kusanjika kwa madzi osamba.Choncho madzimadzi osambira ayenera kusinthidwa.
4. Phosphating
Phosphating ndi njira yamankhwala ndi electrochemical reaction kuti apange phosphate chemical conversion coating, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti phosphate ❖ kuyanika.Njira yotentha ya zinc phosphating imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popenta mabasi.Zolinga zazikulu za phosphating ndikupereka chitetezo kuzitsulo zoyambira, kuteteza zitsulo kuti zisawonongeke mpaka kufika pamlingo wina, komanso kukonza zomatira komanso kupewa dzimbiri pansanjika ya filimu ya utoto.Phosphating ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pazamankhwala onse, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuchitapo kanthu komanso zinthu zambiri, chifukwa chake ndizovuta kwambiri kuwongolera kupanga kwamadzimadzi osamba a phosphate kuposa madzi ena osamba.
4.1 Chiŵerengero cha Acid (chiwerengero cha acidity yonse ndi acidity yaulere)
Kuchulukitsa kwa acidity kumatha kufulumizitsa kuchuluka kwa phosphating ndikupanga phosphatingzokutirawoonda kwambiri.Koma kuchuluka kwa asidi wambiri kumapangitsa kuti ❖ kuyanika ndi woonda kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse phulusa ku phosphating workpiece;otsika acid chiŵerengero adzachedwetsa phosphating reaction liwiro, kuchepetsa dzimbiri kukana, ndi kupanga phosphating krustalo kutembenukira coarse ndi porous, motero kumabweretsa dzimbiri chikasu pa workpiece phosphating.
4.2 Kutentha
Ngati kutentha kwa madzi osamba kumawonjezeka moyenerera, kuthamanga kwa mapangidwe opaka kumawonjezeka.Koma kutentha kwambiri kudzakhudza kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha asidi ndi kukhazikika kwa madzi osamba, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa slag kuchokera kumadzi osamba.
4.3 Kuchuluka kwa matope
Ndi mosalekeza phosphate anachita, kuchuluka kwa zinyalala mu kusamba madzimadzi adzakhala pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka, ndi owonjezera zinyalala zingakhudzire workpiece pamwamba mawonekedwe anachita, kuchititsa kusamveka ❖ kuyanika mankwala.Choncho madzi osamba ayenera kutsanulidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa workpiece kukonzedwa ndi ntchito nthawi.
4.4 Nitrite NO-2 (kuchuluka kwa ma accelerating agent)
NO-2 imatha kufulumizitsa liwiro la phosphate reaction, kukulitsa kulimba komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa zokutira kwa mankwala.Kuchuluka kwambiri kwa NO-2 kumapangitsa kuti zokutira zikhale zosavuta kutulutsa mawanga oyera, ndipo kutsika kwambiri kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa mapangidwe apangidwe ndikupanga dzimbiri lachikasu pa zokutira phosphate.
4.5 Sulfate radical SO2-4
Kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma pickling solution kapena kusawongolera bwino kutsuka kumatha kukulitsa mphamvu ya sulphate mumadzi osambira a phosphate, ndipo ayoni wochuluka wa sulphate angachedwetse liwiro la phosphate reaction, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kristalo wofiyira ndi porous phosphate, ndikuchepetsa kukana kwa dzimbiri.
4.6 Ferrous ion Fe2+
Kuchulukirachulukira kwa ayoni mumtsuko wa phosphate kumachepetsa kukana kwa phosphate ❖ kuyanika kutentha kwa firiji, kupanga phosphate ❖ kuyanika krustalo pa kutentha kwapakatikati, kukulitsa matope a phosphate solution pa kutentha kwakukulu, kupangitsa yankho kukhala lamatope, ndikuwonjezera acidity yaulere.
5. Kuyimitsa
Cholinga cha deactivation ndikutsekera ma pores a phosphate ❖ kuyanika, kukulitsa kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri, komanso kupititsa patsogolo kumamatira komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri.Pakalipano, pali njira ziwiri zoletsera, mwachitsanzo, chromium ndi chromium-free.Komabe, mchere wamchere wamchere umagwiritsidwa ntchito potsekereza ndipo mchere wambiri umakhala ndi phosphate, carbonate, nitrite ndi phosphate, zomwe zimatha kuwononga kwambiri kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali komanso kukana dzimbiri.zokutira.
6. Kutsuka madzi
Cholinga cha kutsuka madzi ndi kuchotsa madzi otsalira pa workpiece pamwamba pa kusamba madzimadzi yapita, ndi khalidwe la kutsuka madzi mwachindunji zimakhudza phosphating khalidwe workpiece ndi kukhazikika kwa madzimadzi osamba.Zotsatirazi ziyenera kuyendetsedwa pakutsuka madzi amadzimadzi osamba.
6.1 Zomwe zili m'madzi otsalira amatope asakhale okwera kwambiri.Kuchulukirachulukira kumapangitsa phulusa pamalo ogwirira ntchito.
6.2 Pamwamba pa madzi osamba amayenera kukhala opanda zonyansa zomwe zaimitsidwa.Kutsuka madzi osefukira nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonetsetsa kuti palibe mafuta oyimitsidwa kapena zonyansa zina pamtunda wamadzimadzi osamba.
6.3 Phindu la pH la madzi osambira liyenera kukhala pafupi ndi ndale.Kukwera kwambiri kapena kutsika kwa pH kumapangitsa kuti madzi amadzimadzi aziyenda mosavuta, zomwe zimasokoneza kukhazikika kwamadzi osambira.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-23-2022