Ndi "Annual Report Season" yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha pa Epulo 30, makampani omwe adatchulidwa ndi A-share monyinyirika kapena monyinyirika adapereka malipoti apachaka a 2021.Kwa mafakitale a photovoltaic, 2021 ndi yokwanira kulembedwa m'mbiri ya photovoltaics, chifukwa mipikisano muzitsulo zamakampani inayamba kulowa mu 2021. zopyapyala, ma cell ndi ma module, ndi magawo achiwiri monga zida zothandizira PV ndi zida za PV.
"Gridi parity" anazindikira mphamvu photovoltaic m'badwo umene wakhala akutsatiridwa kwa zaka zoposa khumi pa terminal photovoltaic magetsi magetsi, amenenso amaika patsogolo zofunika zokhwima pa mtengo wa unyolo photovoltaic mafakitale.
Mu gawo la silicon la unyolo wamakampani kumtunda, pali kufunika kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zobiriwira chifukwa cha kusalowerera ndale, kupangitsa mitengo ya silicon yomwe imakulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono kukwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale phindu lalikulu pakugawa koyambirira kwa phindu lamakampani. .
Mu gawo la silicon wafer, mphamvu yatsopano ya zowotcha za silicon monga Shangji Automation ikutsutsa opanga makina opangira silicon;mu gawo la selo, maselo amtundu wa N amayamba kusintha maselo amtundu wa P.
Zochitika zonse zophatikizika izi zitha kupangitsa osunga ndalama kukhala osokonezeka.Koma kumapeto kwa malipoti apachaka, titha kuwona zopindula ndi zotayika za kampani iliyonse ya PV kudzera muzachuma.
Chotsatirachi chiwunikanso zotsatira zapachaka zamakampani ambiri a PV ndikuphwanya zidziwitso zandalama m'magawo osiyanasiyana amakampani poyesa kuyankha mafunso awiri otsatirawa:
1. Ndi magawo ati amakampani a PV omwe adapeza phindu mu 2021?
2. Kodi phindu la makampani a PV lidzagawidwa bwanji m'tsogolomu?Ndi magawo ati omwe ali oyenera masanjidwe?
Phindu lalikulu la silicon limalimbikitsa kukula kwa zophika za silicon, koma maselo adawona bizinesi yochedwa
M'magawo akuluakulu a PV industry chain, tasankha makampani a PV omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chomveka bwino cha ndalama zamagulu a silicon - wafer - cell - module, ndikuyerekeza ndalama ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa magawo osiyanasiyana abizinesi a kampani iliyonse. , kuti ziwonetsere bwino kusintha kwa phindu la gawo lililonse la unyolo wamakampani a PV.
Chiwopsezo cha kukula kwa magawo akuluakulu amakampani a PV ndichokwera kuposa kukula kwamakampani.Malinga ndi data ya CPIA, mphamvu yatsopano yapadziko lonse ya PV yoyikapo inali pafupifupi 170GW mu 2021, chiwonjezeko cha 23% pachaka, pomwe kuchuluka kwa ndalama za silicon/wafer/cell/module kunali 171.2%/70.4%/62.8% / 40.5% motsatana, pakuchepa.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a gross margin, pafupifupi mtengo wogulitsa wa silicon udakwera kuchoka pa 78,900/tani mu 2020 kufika pa 193,000/tani mu 2021. Popindula ndi kukwera kwakukulu kwamitengo, malire onse a silicon adakwera kwambiri kuchoka pa 30.36% mu 2020 mpaka 64. 2021.
Gawo lawafesi lawonetsa kulimba mtima kwamphamvu, ndi malire otsala pafupifupi 24% kwa zaka zitatu zapitazi, ngakhale kukwera kwakukulu kwamitengo ya silicon.Pali zifukwa ziwiri zazikuluzikulu za gawo lokhazikika la magawo ophika: Choyamba, chophikacho chili pamalo olimba kwambiri mumndandanda wamakampani ndipo chimakhala ndi mphamvu zogulitsirana pamakampani opanga ma cell otsika, omwe amatha kusintha kuchuluka kwa mtengo wake.Chachiwiri, Zhonghuan Semiconductor, imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe opanga ma silicon wafers apanga, yasintha kwambiri phindu lake atamaliza kusintha kosakanizidwa ndi kukwezedwa kwa 210 silicon wafers, motero amasewera gawo lokhazikika m'mphepete mwa gawoli.
Selo ndi gawo ndizomwe zimakhudzidwa kwenikweni pakuwonjezeka kwamitengo ya silicon.Mphepete mwa seloyo idatsika kuchokera ku 14.47% mpaka 7.46%, pomwe malire a gawoli adatsika kuchokera ku 17.24% mpaka 12.86%.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino ya gross margin ya gawo la module poyerekeza ndi gawo la selo ndiloti makampani akuluakulu a modules onse ndi makampani ophatikizana ndipo alibe pakati kuti apeze kusiyana kwake, kotero iwo amatsutsana kwambiri ndi kukakamizidwa.Aikosolar, Tongwei ndi makampani ena a cell amayenera kugula zowotcha za silicon kuchokera kumakampani ena, kotero kuti phindu lawo limakhala lofinyidwa.
Pomaliza, kuchokera ku phindu lalikulu (ndalama zogwirira ntchito * gross margin) kusintha, kusiyana pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana amakampani a photovoltaic kumawonekera kwambiri.
Mu 2021,phindu lalikulu la gawo la silicon lidakula ndi 472%, pomwe phindu la gawo la cell lidatsika ndi 16.13%.
Kuphatikiza apo, titha kuwona kuti ngakhale kuti gawo lalikulu la gawo lophika silinasinthe, phindu lalikulu lawonjezeka pafupifupi 70%.M'malo mwake, ngati tiyang'ana pakuwona phindu, zowotcha za silicon zimapindula ndi mafunde akukwera kwamitengo ya silicon.
Mphepete mwazinthu zowonjezera za Photovoltaic zimawonongeka, koma ogulitsa zida amakhalabe amphamvu
Tinatengera njira yomweyo mu zipangizo zothandizira ndi zida za unyolo wamakampani a photovoltaic.M'makampani olembedwa a photovoltaic, tinasankha mabidi oyenerera, ndikusanthula phindu la magawo omwe ali nawo.
Kampani iliyonse idawona kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa gawo lazothandizira za photovoltaic, koma zonse zitha kupindula.Ponseponse, magalasi a PV ndi ma inverters adavutika ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama popanda kuchulukitsa phindu, pomwe phindu la filimu ya PV linali labwino kwambiri.
Zambiri zandalama za wogulitsa zida aliyense ndizokhazikika pagawo la zida za PV.Pankhani ya ndalama zonse, malire olemera a wogulitsa zida aliyense adakwera kuchoka pa 33.98% mu 2020 kufika pa 34.54% mu 2021, pafupifupi osakhudzidwa ndi mikangano yosiyanasiyana mu gawo lalikulu la PV.Pankhani ya ndalama, ndalama zonse zogwirira ntchito za ogulitsa zida zisanu ndi zitatu zonse zidakweranso ndi 40%.
Ntchito yonse yamakampani a PV pafupi ndi kumtunda kwa silicon ndi phindu la gawo lawafer ndilabwino mu 2021, pomwe gawo lakumunsi la cell ndi gawo la module limayang'aniridwa ndi mtengo wokhazikika wa malo opangira magetsi, motero kuchepetsa phindu.
Zipangizo zothandizira za Photovoltaic monga ma inverters, filimu ya photovoltaic, ndi galasi la photovoltaic zimayang'ana makasitomala omwe amatsika pansi, kotero kuti phindu mu 2021 linakhudzidwa ndi magawo osiyanasiyana.
Ndi zosintha ziti zomwe zidzachitike kumakampani a PV mtsogolomo?
Mtengo wa silicon wa Skyrocketed ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chakusintha kwa kagawidwe ka phindu lamakampani a PV mu 2021. Ndiye, ndi liti mitengo ya silicon idzagwa mtsogolomo ndi kusintha kotani komwe kudzachitika pamakampani a PV pambuyo pakutsika kwakhala cholinga chachikulu. za chidwi cha osunga ndalama.
1. Chigamulo chamtengo wa silicon: Mtengo wapakati ukhalabe wokwera mu 2022, ndipo uyamba kutsika mu 2023.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa ZJSC, mphamvu ya silicon padziko lonse mu 2022 ndi pafupifupi matani 840,000, omwe ndi pafupifupi 50% kukula kwa chaka ndi chaka ndipo amatha kuthandizira pafupifupi 294GW ya silicon wafer yofunidwa.Ngati tiganizira kuchuluka kwa magawo a 1.2, mphamvu ya silicon ya matani 840,000 mu 2022 imatha kukumana ndi 245GW yamphamvu ya PV.
2. Gawo la silicon wafer likuyembekezeka kuyambitsa nkhondo yamitengo mu 2023-2024.
Monga tikudziwa kuchokera ku ndemanga yapitayi ya 2021, makampani opanga ma silicon amapindula kwambiri ndi kukwera kwamitengo ya silicon.Mitengo ya silicon ikatsika m'tsogolomu, makampani ophatikizika amatsitsa mitengo yawo yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa ndi anzawo komanso magawo akumunsi, ndipo ngakhale mitsinje itakhala yofanana kapena kuwonjezeka, phindu lalikulu pa GW lidzatsika.
3. Maselo ndi ma module adzachira ku zovuta mu 2023.
Pamene "chiwopsezo" chachikulu cha kukwera kwa mtengo wa silicon ukuwonjezeka, makampani opanga ma cell ndi ma module mwakachetechete adanyamula mtengo wazovuta zamakampani onse mosakayikira akuyembekeza kuti mitengo ya silicon ikutsika.
Mkhalidwe wonse wamakampani a PV mu 2022 udzakhala wofanana ndi wa 2021, ndipo mphamvu ya silicon ikatulutsidwa kwathunthu mu 2023, magawo a silicon ndi ophwanyika atha kukhala ndi nkhondo yamtengo wapatali, pomwe phindu la gawo lotsika ndi selo. magawo adzayamba kutenga.Chifukwa chake, ma cell, ma module ndi kuphatikiza makampani mumndandanda wamakono wa PV adzakhala oyenera chidwi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-10-2022